覆膜沟灌条件下不同水氮处理对番茄生长指标和产量的影响

摘要

为探明水氮调控对西北旱区覆膜沟灌番茄的生长发育以及产量的影响机制，通过设置4个灌水量处理和3个施氮量处理，采用裂区设计，对西北大田番茄进行了覆膜沟灌试验.结果表明：整个生育期内不同灌水量与施肥量对番茄株高的影响总体呈现由快到慢的生长趋势，但各处理的最高平均增长速率不同，同时番茄叶面积指数都呈单峰变化趋势；采用85%对照灌水量处理(CK)对番茄市场产量(单果产量≥60 g)无显著影响，而65%和45%对照灌水量处理则减产明显.采用3/4当地施肥量(CK)处理对番茄总产量与市场产量影响不显著；本试验确定的最佳水氮耦合形式为416.76 mm(85%CK)灌水量及253.13 kg/hm2(3/4CK)施氮量(尿素)，适宜在西北旱区推广应用.%To explore the regulation effects of water and nitrogen on tomato growth indices and yield under furrow irrigation and plastic mulch cropping model in arid regions of Northwest China,a tomato field furrow irrigation experiment was conducted.In the experiment,four kinds of furrow irrigation patterns and three nitrogen fertilization levels were designed.The results showed that the effect on the tomato plant height was consistent about the different irrigation and fertilization treatment.The growth trend from fast to slow,but the highest average growth rate of each treatment was difference,while the tomato LAI tests showed unimodal trend .The results also indicated that 85% CK water amount had no significant negative influence on tomato marketable yield,but the 65% or 45% CK water amount decreased tomato market yield significantly.The 3/4 CK nitrogen application had no significant impact on tomato total and market yield.Considering the yield and WUE,the combination of 416.76 mm water amount (85% CK)and 253.13 kg/hm2 nitrogen application (3/4CK)was regarded as the optimal compromise for higher yield and better crop growth,which should be recommended actual plantation in the arid region of Northwest China.