多孔聚二甲基硅氧烷吸油材料制备及吸油性质机理研究

摘要

以葡萄糖、蔗糖和聚二甲基硅氧烷为原材料,制备疏水亲油性的多孔聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)吸油材料,对其吸收有机溶液和植物油性能进行测试,探讨其吸收机理.实验表明,多孔PDMS吸油材料具有明显的3 D孔洞结构,进行油水分离实验室时,材料表现出良好的亲油疏水性,对有机溶剂和油类物质具有高选择性和高吸收性.吸收的有机溶剂和油类物质的质量能够达到其自身质量的3~20倍.通过物理挤压多孔材料,可将材料中吸收的有机溶液和油类物质回收,同时材料恢复吸附和吸收能力,可以重复使用.该研究为油水分离和废油回收提供了一种经济、高效、环境友好的材料及解决方法.%The hydrophobic and oleophilic porous polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) oil-absorbing materials were prepared from glucose,sucrose and polydimethylsiloxane.The absorption to organic solvent and vegetable oil were measured and the mechanism of oil absorption properties was investigated.The experimental results indi-cate that the porous PDMS oil-absorbing material has an obvious 3D pore-structure.The oil-water separation ex-periment shows that the material has excellent hydrophobicity and oleophilicity,and also has high selectivity and high absorbency for organic solvents and oils.The quality of the absorbed organic solvent and the oil sub-stance can reach 3 to 20 times the quality of itself.Saturated porous PDMS oil-absorbing material can recover the absorbed organic solution only by the physical extrusion,and the material can also restore the elasticity and adsorption capacity,being renewable.This study provides an economic,efficient and environmentally friendly solution for oil-water separation and recovery of waste oil.