高山松与油松×云南松人工杂种损耗谱参数研究

摘要

In this study, artificial hybrid combinations of Pinus tabuliformis and P.yunnanensis, female multi-plant offspring mixed samples and male multi-plant offspring mixed samples, which were obtained from the natural distribution core area and edge area that could be representative population of P.tabuliformis and P.yunnanensis and P.densata from Linzhi, Tibet, were selected to measure their electrical parameters, or loss coefficients.It showed that there existed significant variations among species and artificial hybrid combinations in loss parameters.Spectrum models of species were constructed for loss through each spectral fitting of theirs. Loss coefficient spectral analysis of the species and artificial hybrid showed as follows.In 5-10 Hz, no significant differences occurred among species.Beyond 10 Hz, differences among P.tabuliformis, P.densata and hybrids were insignificant, and hybrid curve almost coincided with the trend of P.tabuliformis, highlighting the strong maternal effect.P.densata and P.yunnanensis moved on an opposite trend, with P.densata being concave, while P.tabuliformis convex, which might be marked out on the inconsistencies between the two loss mechanisms, or vice versa.When over 15 Hz, the loss coefficient of P.densata was the smallest, reflecting its transgressive characteristics for minimum energy consumption.Loss was associated with indices and adaptability of seedling growth, with the coefficient reaching a significant level, and it was closely related to experimental environment factors such as longitude, altitude, annual average temperature and precipitation.The finding also indicated that the loss had a significant positive correlation with wintering mortality, the height, crown, and mortality of biennial seedlings, and significant negative correlation with biennial survival and biennial cap rate.%利用13个油松×云南松杂交子代家系、母本6个单株自由授粉混合子代、父本5个单株的自由授粉混合子代及高山松林芝种群为对象，测定和比较分析了杂种子代、亲本子代及高山松群体苗木针叶的电学参数—损耗系数，研究了损耗系数在不同群体间的变异与联系。通过对损耗系数谱线拟合，构建了高山松、油松、云南松及人工杂种针叶的损耗系数模型。结果表明，损耗系数谱在种（杂种）间差异显著，损耗随频率的变化趋势表现了各物种的特点。在5－10 Hz频段，种（杂种）间差异小。大于10 Hz后，杂种和高山松与油松差异小，杂种曲线走势几乎与油松重合，凸显母本效应强，高山松和云南松损耗谱线走势相反，高山松为凹形，油松为凸形，标示出二者损耗机理上的不一致，或相反。大于15 Hz以后，高山松的损耗系数最小，体现出高山松耗能最小的超亲性状。聚类分析显示杂种组合、高山松在损耗性状上有偏母特性。损耗与试验地温度、降水、经度相关，达到极显著水平。损耗与越冬死亡率、2年生苗高、苗冠高、死亡率显著正相关，与2年生存活率、封顶率显著负相关。