基于塞贝克效应的森林土壤温差发电

摘要

森林无线传感器的供电问题严重制约着物联网技术在林业上的运用,一种解决思路是利用土壤与空气之间的温度差,根据塞贝克效应进行温差发电,供给传感器使用.试验利用加热电缆对土壤进行加热,使之与空气之间形成温度差,验证利用基于塞贝克效应的森林土壤温差发电给林业无线传感网络节点供电的可行性.结果表明:在与自然状态下森林中土壤-空气温差一致时,输出电功率可达3.5 mW.通过引入温差传递效率系数η和滞后系数φ提出了土壤-空气温差与输出功率之间的关系模型,利用该关系模型可根据实际温差计算输出功率,对在特殊环境下工作的低功率器件供电研究具有重要意义.%How to supply power to wireless sensor in forest is an enormous problem which severely restricts the application of internet of things to forestry.A solution idea is to use the temperature difference between air and forest soil to generate electricity to power those sensors based on the Seebeck effect.Using heating cable to heat soil so that the temperature of soil is higher than the air, an experiment of forest soil thermoelectric power generation based on the Seebeck effect was carried out to verify the feasibility of powering forestry sensors.The results showed that it could get about 3.5 mW of electrical power output when the temperature difference is in accordance to that of forestry soil in nature.A relational model between soil-air temperature difference and electrical power output was put forward by introducing temperature difference deliver coefficient ηand lag coefficient φ.Based on actual temperature difference, electrical power output efficiency can be calculated.The result was important for the research on how to power low-power device under special circumstances.