在'一个健康'理念下完善中国养猪业中耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌的监管体系

摘要

在中国, 每年大约会消耗15~20万吨抗生素, 其中一半用于人类医药, 另一半则用于饲料, 主要集中在养猪业中.近些年, 中国对于人用抗生素的监管逐渐规范起来, 但是对于兽用抗生素的监管还有不足.饲料中抗生素的滥用不仅会影响牲畜健康, 同时会影响相关从业者及消费者的健康.中国作为猪肉生产和消费的大国,鼻腔耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA)的平均流行率高于其他亚洲国家.因此, 应当建立健全的监管体系严格规范抗生素使用, 降低 MRSA 对养猪业的影响.本文介绍了中国养猪业现状、MRSA对动物和人类健康的影响, 尤其是MRSA在养猪业相关从业人员中的携带、分布和传播现状, 同时, 分析了国内现有监管体系和相关利益者的关系, 从而提出相关部门可以通过新增专项监控经费、完善全产业链监测或建立基于科学研究的长期监测项目等方式来完善现有监管体系, 对养猪业全产业链中的MRSA进行监测并评估其风险.%In China, 150,000~200,000 tons of antibiotics are used every year, about half goes to human use and half goes into feed, largely for pigs. In recent years, the Chinese government has taken steps to curtail overuse of an-tibiotics by people, but antibiotics in animals are still poorly regulated. The abuse of antibiotics in the feed not only affects the health of livestock, but also affects the health of the related practitioners and consumers. A higher average prevalence of nasal methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) carriage of pigs in China was observed when compared with other Asian countries. Therefore, a sound regulatory system should be set up to strictly regulate the use of antibiotics, so as to reduce the impact of MRSA on the pig industry. This paper introduced the current situ-ation of pig industry in China, the influence of MRSA on animal and human health, especially the status of MRSA's carrying, distributing and disseminating in pig industry related practitioners. The Ministry of Agriculture should im-prove current surveillance system in the pig industry to monitor MRSA and make risk assessment, such as establish-ing special funds for surveillance and control of MRSA, strengthening the supervision of the whole industry chain and developing a long-term surveillance and control planning for scientific prevention and control strategies. To pro-pose advanced surveillance program for MRSA of pig industry in China, background of MRSA in pig industry and human and animal health impact, as well as current surveillance program, and stakeholders identification were intro-duced in this article.