The Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization,Ministry of Education,College of Environmental Science and Engineering,North China Electric Power University,Beijing 102206,China;
CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;
The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences,Ministry of Education,College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;
Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria; Ammonia-oxidizing archaea; Transcriptional activity; Community structure; Wastewater treatment system;