Size segragated samples were collected during high polluted winter haze days in 2006 in Beijing, China. Twenty nine elements and 9 water soluble ions were determined. Heavy metals of Zn, Pb, Mn, Cu, As, Cr, Ni, V and Cd were deeply studied considering their toxic efect on human being. Among these heavy metals, the levels of Mn, As and Cd exceeded the reference values of National Ambient Air Quality Standard(GB3095-2012) and guidelines of World Health Organization. By estimation, high percentage of atmospheric heavy metals in PM2.5indicates it is an efective way to control atmospheric heavy metals by PM2.5controlling. Pb, Cd, and Zn show mostly in accumulation mode, V, Mn and Cu exist mostly in both coarse and accumulation modes, and Ni and Cr exist in all of the three modes. Considering the health efect, the breakthrough rates of atmospheric heavy metals into pulmonary alveoli are: Pb(62.1%) > As(58.1%) > Cd(57.9%) > Zn(57.7%) > Cu(55.8%) > Ni(53.5%) > Cr(52.2%) > Mn(49.2%) > V(43.5%). Positive matrix factorization method was applied for source apportionment of studied heavy metals combined with some marker elements and ions such as K, As, SO4 2 etc., and four factors(dust, vehicle, aged and transportation, unknown) are identified and the size distribution contribution of them to atmospheric heavy metals are discussed.
展开▼
机译:Chen, Lai 陈来, Ancient Religion and Ethics: Sources of Confucian Thought 宗教与伦理: 儒家思想的根源, Yunchen Wenhua 允辰文化, Taipei 台北, 2005, 375 pages; and The World of Ancient Thought and Culture: Religion, Ethics , and Social Thought in the Spring and Autumn Period 古代思想文化世界—春秋时代的宗教、伦理与社会思想, Sanlian Shudian 三联书店, Beijing 北京, 2002, 418 pages