昆虫与植被之间相互关系的深入研究，有助于更好的理解生态系统结构与功能之间的关系以及生态系统生物多样性维持机理。本文通过对集中种植和分块种植下两种不同种植方式龙葵叶片虫食状进行调查分析，以期对龙葵的栽培和养护提供理论基础和技术建议。研究结果表明：龙葵叶片中共识别出11种虫食状类型，其中，集中种植方式有10种，分块种植方式有11种，各种虫食状类型出现频率在0．4%-24．7%；集中种植样地的龙葵叶片虫食状种类数、 Shannon-Wiener指数和Pielou均匀度指数均低于分块种植；分块种植的龙葵叶片受到植食性昆虫的伤害频率较高，但是集中种植的龙葵叶片受到的伤害程度却明显高于分块种植方式。因此，种植龙葵应尽量避免大规模集中种植方式，不同生态系统边界之间边缘效应的尺度和强弱的关系是未来研究的重点和核心问题。%The study of the relationship between insects and vegetation, contributes to a better understanding of the relationship between the structure and function of ecosystems as well as the mechanism of biological diversity maintenance. In this paper, through the investigation and analysis on insect herbivory patterns under centralized planting and block planting two kinds of different planting patterns of Solanum nigrum, in order to provide the theoretical foundation and technical advice for cultivation and maintenance of S. nigrum. The result showed that 11 insect herbivory patterns were found. There were 10 in centralized planting plots and 11 in Block planting plots. The frequency of each herbivory pattern varied from 0. 4% -24. 7%. Numbers and Shannon-winner index and Pielou index of insect herbivory pattern in centralized planting plots were lower than that in block planting plots. The frequency of S. nigrum leaves by insect herbivory was higher in block planting plots than in centralized planting plots, but the degree of injury of S. nigrum leaves in centralized planting plots was significantly higher than in block planting plots. So cultivation of S. nigrum should avoid large-scale centralized planting mode. The core issue of the future research should be the relationship of scale and strength of edge effect between different ecosystem boundaries.
展开▼
