高温下成虫食物对芙新姬小蜂生活史及控害潜力影响

摘要

Neochrysocharis formosa (Westwood) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) is a dominant nature enemy against vegetable leafminers wordwide, with a wide range of temperature adaptation and high temperature tolerance. In nature,this kind of parasitoid not only feeds host larve,but also feeds non-host food. To better understand the effects of different nutritional treatments on the biocontrol potential and host killling behaviors of the wasps at high temperature, we compared life history traits and host killing behaviours of N. formosa adult wasps with providing three nutritional sources [host (Liriomyza sativae larvae),host + non-host food (20% honey) and host + non-host food (20% glucose)] at constant 35℃ in the laboratory. Comparison of host treatment with host + 20% honey treatment showed that supplement 20% honey could not significantly increase host feeding,host stinging,parasitism,longevity and host mortality for N. formosa, however, providing host + 20% glucose significantly increased host feeding,parasitism,longevity and host mortality,except host stinging. The daily host feeding,daily host stinging and daily parasitism were not significantly enhanced by supplying 20% honey and 20% glucose. The female adults of N. formosa showed to be a strong biocontrol potential agents, because the average host mortality was over 207 hosts,the daily average host mortality was more than 21 hosts and the non-reproductive host killing accounted for the largest proportion (over 74%). This research provides the basis and guidance for the application practise of the wasp at high temperature.%芙新姬小蜂为蔬菜潜叶蝇类害虫的优势天敌,温度适应范围广且耐高温.为明确高温条件下补充非寄主食物营养对寄生蜂控害潜力和控害行为的影响,本研究以芙新姬小峰两性品系为对象,在室内持续恒温35℃条件下,比较了在提供3种食物源 [寄主 (美洲斑潜蝇2龄末幼虫)、寄主 + 非寄主食物 (20%葡萄糖溶液)、寄主 + 非寄主食物 (20%蜂蜜水溶液)] 处理时芙新姬小蜂成虫的生活史参数.结果显示:与仅提供寄主的处理相比,补充提供20%蜂蜜水,并不显著增强雌蜂的寄主取食数、寄主叮蛰致死数、产卵寄生数、寿命和总致死数;补充提供20%的葡萄糖溶液,则显著增强雌蜂寄主取食数、产卵寄生数、寿命和总致死数;补充提供20%蜂蜜水和20%葡萄糖溶液,均不显著影响雌蜂的日均寄主取食数、日均寄主叮蛰数、日均产卵数.3种食物源处理的总寄主致死数在207头以上,日均总寄主致死数在21头以上;雌蜂具有很强的非繁殖型致死控害潜力,占总控害潜力的74%以上.研究结果为该寄生蜂在高温下的利用提供了依据和指导.