化工冶金固废资源化中的“减法型”与“加法型”工艺

摘要

This paper suggests that chemical and metallurgical solid waste could be transformed into prod-ucts through “addition” and “subtraction” processes, focusing on the “addition” and “reduction” methods and their common key process - crystallization process, as well as the control and function of metastable intermediates in the crystallization process. The “subtraction” process can be applied to the extraction of nanometer calcium car-bonate from carbide slag, accomplished by physical and chemical cleaning , and the method of formation and sta-bilization of amorphous calcium carbonate intermediate can be obtained, together with knowledge on the effects of amorphous calcium carbonate on the particle size and the distribution of nano calcium carbonate. The “addition”process can be applied to the extraction of wear-resisting and anti-corrosion glass-ceramics from metallurgical solid waste, accomplished by building a new component system taking metallurgical silicon slag as the main raw material, and the method of formation and stabilization of amorphous metastable glass can be obtained, together with glass ceramics with excellent performance.%针对大宗化工冶金固废资源化过程，提出“加法型”与“减法型”高值化利用工艺，重点论述“加”与“减”的方法及两种工艺的共性关键过程——结晶过程，以及结晶过程中介稳中间体的控制及其作用。将“减法型”工艺应用于电石渣制纳米碳酸钙，通过物理除杂和化学除杂的复合除杂方法实现了电石渣资源化过程中的“减”，获得了无定形碳酸钙中间体的形成、稳定化方法，以及无定形碳酸钙对最终产物纳米碳酸钙粒度及分布的影响规律；将“加法型”工艺应用于冶硅废渣制高强耐磨抗腐蚀工程微晶玻璃中，以冶硅废渣为主要原料构建了新型体系，实现了冶硅废渣资源化过程中的“加”，得到亚稳态非晶基础玻璃中间体的稳定化机制，获得性能优异的冶金废渣微晶玻璃。