基于小型无人机遥感的单体地质灾害应急调查方法与实践

摘要

The large and professional unmanned aerial vehicle based remote sensing (UAVRS)system has been widely used for the emergency survey of the wide range of geo-hazards.In this paper,the more simple and flexible micro-UAVRS method for the emergency survey of individual geo-hazard is put forward,based on a number of successful practices of emergency survey for geo-hazards in the Three Gorges Reservoir in recent years.The method includes:assembling a multi-rotor micro-UAVRS system that is more applicable for the emergency survey of the individual geo-hazard;developing the specific implementation process;and elaborating some crucial technologies and methods such as the arrangement and measurement of ground control points,the design of flight plan according to the features of geo-hazard,the control of the micro-UAVRS' flight and photos acquisition,and the image processing,etc.Practice shows that,using the micro-UAVRS method for the emergency survey of individual geohazard is useful,and capable of achieving the goal of fast & efficient,because the method can not only greatly reduce the work time,strength and risks,but also provide the high-precision remote sensing results and data.%大型、专业的无人机遥感已开始广泛应用于大面积地质灾害调查中,本文则以近年来在三峡库区进行地质灾害应急调查的多次成功实践为基础,系统总结并建立了一套采用更加简单灵活的小型无人机遥感系统开展单体地质灾害应急调查的方法,主要包括:基于地质灾害应急调查特点定制了更具针对性和适用性的多旋翼小型无人机系统;制定了室内准备、现场作业、快速处理面处理等在内的具体实施流程;提出了像控点布设及测量、航线规划、飞行拍摄过程控制及成果处理等关键技术方法.实践表明,应用以上方法开展基于小型无人机遥感的单体地质灾害应急调查,不仅可以大大降低现场工作时间、强度以及风险,而且可以获得高精度遥感成果及信息,从而真正满足地质灾害应急调查既“快”且“高效”的客观需求.