Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Academy of Sciences 201800;
Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF) Advanced Research Institute Academy of Sciences 201210;
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 100049;
Michael Grätzel Center for Mesoscopic Solar Cells National Laboratory for Optoelectronics University of Science and Technology 430074;
Perovskite solar cell; Multiple preferential orientations; Energy level alignment; Tartaric acid;