Cyanophages, as a kind of peculiar viruses that infect specifically cyanobacteria, exists extensively in various aquatic environments. In water bodies where water eutrophication is severe, cyanobacterial bloom outbreaks frequently. So scientists pay much attention to the study on cyanophages as a potential biological factor in controlling cyanobacteria. Cur-rently studies on cyanophages are focused mainly on how to isolate and purify cyanophages and what its physiological and biochemical properties are. Little has been done on its genetic diversity because no universal genetic markers are available for the study. Using the photosynthesis psbA gene that encodes key photosystem Ⅱ proteins ( D1) of cyanophages as target, recent advances in researches on cyanophage genetic diversity in maritime and fresh water environments were reviewed and distribution and variation of cyanophages in various natural environments analyzed. Meanwhile, some tips for problems in and prospects of the researches in this field are also discussed.%噬藻体作为一类感染蓝藻的特异性病毒,广泛分布于不同水生态系统中.随着水体富营养化的加剧,蓝藻水华频繁爆发,具有潜在控藻能力的生物因子——噬藻体的研究备受关注.目前对于噬藻体的研究主要集中在其分离纯化及生物学特性等,因缺乏广泛通用的分子标记致使其遗传多样性研究受限.以编码光合作用反应中心D1蛋白的psbA基因为靶基因,综述了海洋、淡水环境中噬藻体psbA基因遗传多样性的最新研究进展,分析了噬藻体在不同自然环境中的分布及差异,同时也提出了噬藻体多样性研究中存在的一些问题.
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