大兴安岭森林火灾应急资源优化调度研究

摘要

针对大兴安岭森林火灾救援中的单出救点、多需求点的二级应急资源分配系统，首先，基于大兴安岭森林火灾的发生规律、火势蔓延的影响因子，以及火势蔓延模式，改进已有的林火火势蔓延趋势模型。其次，根据着火点火势蔓延速度，区分受灾点灾情程度，确定分配应急资源的优先度。最后，进行应急资源分配和救援消防车辆的优化调度。针对前者，以森林损失和救援开支费用最小为目标，建立资源分配优化模型；针对后者，以火灾应急物流系统所需时间最少和费用最小为目标，建立多目标优化模型，并用免疫克隆算法进行求解。实例证明该模型完善了森林火灾救援中应急资源调度体系，为资源的合理调配提供了指导。%For the rescue resources allocation system consisting of single depot and multi-demand sites in Daxing'anling forest fire emergency,the existing flame spread trend model is firstly improved by studying the regularity and characteristics of the forest fires which had happened in Daxing'anling, the factors affecting the flame spread and the flame spread styles.Secondly,based on the flame spread speed,the damage degrees in the sites are distinguished and the allocation priority of rescue resources is determined.Finally,the problems of allocating rescue resources and dispatching fire engines are studied.For the former,a model is established under the condition of minimizing the forest loss and rescue cost.For the latter,a multi-objective optimization model is built with the objective to minimize the needed time and costs,and immune clonal algorithm is used to solve the model.Examples prove that the model can improve the rescue resources allocation system for forest fire,and provide guidance for reasonable resources arrangement.