环境因子对毛蚶排遗和泥沙净化的影响

摘要

在实验室条件下,进行了温度、盐度和充气对毛蚶Scapharca subcrenata (Lischke)排遗及泥沙净化的影响试验.温度试验设10、15、20、25、30 ℃共5个梯度,毛蚶壳长为(39.8±2.0) mm;盐度试验设自来水、10、15、20、25、30、35共7个梯度,毛蚶壳长为(44.2±2.5) mm.结果表明:在盐度为30的天然海水中,10、15、20、25℃温度组的毛蚶均能正常排遗,10 h内排遗速率以20℃时最高,平均为(0.50±0.06) mg/(g·h),30℃组4h全部死亡;在20℃条件下,20、25、30、35盐度组毛蚶均能正常排遗,10 h内排遗速率以盐度为25时最大,平均为(0.64±0.02) mg/ (g·h);不充气条件下的排遗速率大于充气条件下的排遗速率;毛蚶排遗速率在最初1h内最快,平均为(1.78±0.30) mg/ (g·h),约占10 h内排遗总量的36％以上,之后随时间的推移基本呈指数递减;各种温度、盐度、充气和不充气条件下,毛蚶净化6h后均口感无沙.%The influences of temperature (10,15 ,20,25 , and 30 ℃ ) , salinity (tapwater, 10,15 ,20,25 ,30 and 35) , and aeration on excrement and sand purification were studied in a laboratory in blood clamp Scapharca subcre-nata Lischke with shell length of (39. 8±2. 0)mm, and(44. 2±2.5)mm, respectively. Results showed that the clam had normal excrement in natural sea water with a salinity of 30 at water temperature of 10-25℃ , the maximal excrement(0.50±0.06)mg/(g o h) at 20℃ in10h, and being death at 30℃ in 4 h. At 20℃, the clam showed normal excrement at a salinity of 20-35, the maximal excrement(0. 64±0. 02)mg/( g o h) at salinity of 25 in 10 h. There was higher excrement rate in the non-aerated condition than that in the aerated condition, and the clam had rapid excrement rates(1.78±0. 30)mg/(g o h) in the first 1 h,accounting for over 36% of the total amount of excrement within 10 h, and exponential decline afterward. No sand degustation was observed 6 hours after purifica-tion under the experimental conditions.