基于动态分区的无线传感器网络非均匀成簇路由协议

摘要

针对节点负载不均而形成的“热区”问题，提出了一种基于动态分区负载均衡的分布式成簇路由协议(UCDP)。其核心思想是：将网络合理化地动态分区，使距离基站较近的区面积较小，从而减少需要承担转发任务节点的区内通信开销，节省更多的能量供数据转发使用；综合考虑距离因子和剩余能量因子进行区内非均匀成簇；有机结合簇内单跳和区间转发，区头与簇头共同协作进行路由传输。实验表明，协议具有较好的稳定性，显著延长了网络的生存周期。%To solve the“hot spots”problem caused by uneven load energy, a novel distributed clustering routing protocol was proposed. Its core is an uneven clustering routing protocol based on dynamic partition(UCDP). In UCDP, the entire network’s energy consumption is balanced by dynamic partitioning, making the regions closer to the sink node with smaller nodes, which can preserve some energy for inter-region data forwarding. Considering the distance factor and re-sidual energy factor for uneven clustering in each region, cluster-heads and region-heads work together in UCDP. Via the combination of single-hop and multi-hop, DBUP has established an optimal energy-balanced routing protocol. Simulation results show that UCDP has good stability, and significantly prolongs the network life.