Objective To investigate diagnostic methods and treatment of subcutaneous fat necrosis in neonate (ScFN). Methods The clinical data of a case with ScFN was reported and the etiology, pathogenesis, and differential diagnosis were reviewed. Results The case was a 2 days female newborn delivered via cesarean section at full-term, and she came to hospital because of indurated nodules and plaques in the back and shoulders. Anti-infection treatment after admission was not effective. On the 10th day in hospital, the back lesions appear as soft and lfuctuant and then diagnosed as ScFN by biopsy which showed a small amount of inflammatory cell infiltration and fatty degeneration. The patient was followed up with good prognosis. Conclusions ScFN is a benign self-limiting fat disease, mostly occurred in the first four weeks of full-term newborns with history of abnormal childbirth.%目的：探讨新生儿皮下脂肪坏死(ScFN)的诊断与治疗。方法回顾性分析1例ScFN患儿的临床资料，并结合文献分析ScFN的病因、发病机制、鉴别诊断等。结果女性患儿，足月剖宫产，生后2 d因背部、肩部皮下硬结半天入院，抗感染治疗不佳。入院第10天患儿背部硬结局部出现软化、波动，局部穿刺液镜检示少量炎症细胞浸润，脂肪细胞变性，诊断为ScFN。随访2月肿块消退，全身状况良好。结论 ScFN是一种良性脂肪疾病，大多发生在有异常分娩史的足月新生儿，常发生于生后4周内，为自限性疾患，预后良好。
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