目的：探索不同功能孤独症儿童能力发育特征及差异。方法159例13~71月龄的孤独症儿童（高功能孤独症儿童85例，低功能孤独症儿童74例），采用修订版心理教育评定量表（PEP-R）中的功能发展量表，测评及分析其能力发育水平。结果同一年龄段内，不同功能孤独症儿童能力发育均存在明显不均衡，差异有统计学意义（H=41.68~113.51， P<0.01），高功能孤独症儿童以认知理解障碍最突出，认知理解与认知表达发育不协调，而大肌肉发育基本正常；低功能孤独症儿童能力发育全方面落后，其中以模仿、认知理解及认知表达障碍最突出。随着年龄的增长，高功能孤独症儿童在模仿、知觉、认知理解、认知表达及总体发育商有逐步上升的趋势，差异有统计学意义（P均<0.05）；低功能孤独症儿童在认知理解及总体发育商上则有逐步下降的趋势，差异也有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。结论孤独症儿童能力发育进展和次序存在异常；随着年龄增长，不同功能孤独症儿童的能力发育趋势存在明显差异。%Objective To explore the developmental characteristics of different functional levels of autism and the diffe-rence in children. Methods A total of 159 autistic children aged 13-71 months including 85 high-functioning autistic (HFA) chil-dren and 74 low-functioning autistic (LFA) children were evaluated for their developmental characteristics by the development scales from the psycho-educational profile-revised (PEP-R). Results Within the same age group, both HFA and LFA children had obvious unbalance in individual ability development (H=41.68~113.51, P<0.01). Impaired cognitive performance is most common in HFA children. The development of cognitive performance was inconsistent with cognitive expression while the gross motor development was normal. The ability development in LFA children were all impaired, especially in imitation, cogni-tive performance and cognitive expression. With increasing age, the scores of imitation, perception, cognitive performance, cog-nitive expression and overall development quotient were increased gradually in HFA children (P<0.05) while the scores of cogni-tive performance and overall development quotient were decreased in LFA children. Conclusions Autistic children tend to have abnormal developmental progress and order, and individual ability development varies by functional level in autistic children with increasing age.
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