Objective To observe the structure of the posterior altanto-occipital membrane and to stuffy the anatomical mechanism of vertebral artery insufficiency. Methods Ten cadaveric head-neck specimens were used to observe the posterior atlanto-occipital membrane and its surrounding structures and its relations with vertebral artery. Results Posterior atlanto-occipital membrane adhers to the vertebral artery, covers the vertebral artery in the sulcus arteriae vertebralis, and mechanical obstruction of the vertebral artery can occur in such places. Conclusions The posterior atlanto-occipital membrane and its surrounding structures can be the possible reason of the vertebral artery insufficiency of this potion. More observation, experiment study and radiological support are needed.%目的 观察寰枕后膜的解剖结构特点及其与椎动脉的解剖结构关系,探讨寰枕后膜挛缩对椎动脉供血不足的可能解剖学机制.方法 观察10具头颈部标本寰枕后膜的形态及其椎动脉第3段的解剖关系.结果 寰枕后膜与椎动脉第3段解剖关系紧密,在椎动脉行于寰椎椎动脉沟内时覆盖其上,双侧椎动脉在离开椎动脉沟进入枕骨大孔入颅时行走于寰枕后膜内,寰枕后膜对其有明显限制作用.结论 寰枕后膜对该段椎动脉有明显的限制固定作用,寰枕后膜病变、头颈部旋转运动时有引起椎动脉供血不足的解剖学基础,但需要更多解剖观察、实验验证及影像学支持.
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