急性血小板分离技术对深低温停循环主动脉手术患者凝血功能的影响

摘要

目的：本研究通过血栓弹力图(TEG)观察急性血小板分离技术(APP)对深低温停循环(DHCA)的主动脉手术患者凝血功能的影响。方法选择 A 型主动脉夹层拟行主动脉根部替换(Bentall)及全弓替换加支架象鼻术的患者36例,男31例,女5例,年龄23~65岁,ASA Ⅱ~Ⅳ级。随机将患者分为研究组和对照组,每组18例。研究组手术同时进行 APP 分离,对照组仅进行术中血液回收和异体输血等常规血液保护措施。于诱导后(T1)、肝素化前(T2)、离开手术室前(T3)和术后24 h(T4)采集血液标本,检测 TEG 的反应时间(TEG-R)、凝集时间(TEG-K)、凝集块形成速率(TEG-α)、HBG、大血小板比例(P-LCR)和即时振幅(TEG-A)、最大振幅(TEG-MA)、预测在 MA 值确定后30 min 内血凝块将要溶解的百分比(TEG-EPL)和凝血综合指数(TEG-CI)；TEG 行高岭土、肝素酶双检测。CPB 停止后每小时监测血气,并根据术野出血情况检测血液常规(Hb、Plt、MPV、P-LCR)和 TEG 以指导输血。结果与 T1时比较,T4时研究组 TEG-R、TEG-K 明显缩短(P <0.05),TEG-A、TEG-MA 明显减小(P <0.05),TEG-EPL、Plt 明显降低(P <0.05),TEG-CI、MPV、P-LCR 明显升高(P <0.05),两组 Hb 明显降低(P <0.05)。T2时研究组 TEG-A、TEG-MA、Plt 明显高于对照组(P <0.05),T3时研究组 TEG-K 明显短于对照组、TEG-EPL、Hb 明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 TEG 技术证明,APP 对 DHCA 主动脉手术患者的凝血功能有保护作用。%Objective This study evaluates the effectiveness for using acute plateletpheresis (APP) as a blood conservation method to reduce the need of blood transfusion and increase coagulation function in aortic arch surgery with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA ). Methods Thirty-six type-A aortic dissections patients (male 31,female 5,age 23-65 years,ASA physical status II-IV)undergoing frozen elephant trunk with total arch replacement (Bentall plus Sun's surgery)were enrolled in the prospective randomized trial.The patients were randomized into two groups:regular blood conservation group (group control,n = 18)and group APP (n = 18).Blood sample was collected respectively after anesthesia induction (T1 ),before heparinization (T2 ),by the end of surgery (T3 )and 24 hours after surgery (T4 ).Data was collected and reviewed in terms of perioperative transfusion needs,normal laboratory examination,clinical outcomes including blood routine analysis (Hb,Plt,MPV,P-LCR)and thrombelastography (TEG-R,TEG-K,TEG-α,TEG-A,TEG-MA,TEG-EPL).Kaolin and heparinase detections were performed for TEG.Results Com-pared with T1 ,TEG-R,TEG-K,TEG-A,TEG-MA,TEG-EPL and Plt were significantly decreased while TEG-CI,MPV,P-LCR significantly increased in T4 in group APP (P <0.05 ).TEG-A,TEG-MA and Plt were significantly greater(P <0.05)in group APP than in group control at T2 ,and TEG-K,TEG-ELP and HBG were significantly less (P <0.05)in group APP than in group control at T3 . Conclusion The utilization of APP technique was associated with the improved coagulation function in aortic arch surgery with DHCA.