新媒体在社会运动集体认同建构中的作用初探--以“启东事件”为例∗

摘要

This study is designed to exam what role new media exactly plays in the process of collective identity construction. Qidong Event is selected as the case and is divided into two periods:environmental movement and civil rights movement. With frame analysis by Goffman, this paper represents the construction process of collective identity by the analysis of news report and netizen opinion on new media in the two periods. Four main roles new media plays in this process are identified through this study:categorizing, waking⁃up, producing collective memory, producing and reproducing ideology and promoting the competition between different discourses. These roles present in aggregation, integration and stabilization periods of identity construction. It is highly suggested that further dis⁃cussion on this issue be diverted to class, personal interests, cultural factors etc.%本文以“启东事件”为例，将事件划分为环境运动和民权运动两个阶段，采用戈夫曼的“框架理论”，通过对两个阶段中新媒体平台中新闻报道和网民意见的分析，再现该事件中集体认同形成的过程，探讨新媒体在集体认同形成的过程中所起的作用。本研究认为，新媒体在社会运动集体认同形成过程中主要起到范畴化、唤醒并生产集体记忆、生产和再生产意识形态和提供不同类型话语间充分竞争的可能性的作用，这些作用在认同形成的“聚合”“融合”和“磨合”的三个环节中都有体现。而新媒体的作用均是依附于既有的现实展开的，对这一问题更为深入的讨论应该对阶级、个人利益、文化等因素进行进一步的检视。