160多年来，科学社会主义在“什么是社会主义”问题上，经历了从马克思到邓小平，从一国到多国的曲折探索。只有当代中国的马克思主义——邓小平理论，在科学社会主义发展史上首次从三个层面完整准确地回答了“什么是社会主义”。当前在如何正确认识“什么是社会主义”的问题上，我们首先要看到探索社会主义历程的曲折性与长期性：其次要完整全面地理解“什么是社会主义”；最后要批判地看待一些非马克思主义的社会主义观.%For more than 160 years, scientific socialism, on the problem of ＂what is socialism＂, experienced winding exploration from Marx to Deng Xiaoping and developed tortuously from one country to many other countries. Deng Xiaoping theory the Contemporary Marxism is the only theory which comprehensively and accurately answered the question ＂what is socialism＂from three levels for the first time. At present there is three point worth noting for about how to understand the problem of ＂what is socialism＂. Firstly we should be aware of the tortuosity and long span of exploring socialism; secondly it should be fully grasped that ＂what is socialism＂ and finally some socialist views of non-Marxism should be critically treated.
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