桥梁是现代交通运输业最重要的组成部分，形变又是评价桥梁结构健康状况最重要的指标之一。考虑到传统形变检测技术存在诸多不足，为了实现桥梁微小形变的快速、连续检测，准确直观地定位桥跨最大下挠处，提出了基于光纤陀螺（FOG）的微小形变检测新方法，设计出了基于 FOG 的桥梁连续线形检测系统（CDMS）。通过对标定路段和大型跨江桥梁结构线形进行测试，并辅以水准仪进行数据比对，结果表明：对于100 m的标定路段，检测精度可以达到5 mm；对于跨径为400 m的跨江大桥，检测精度可以达到2 cm。基于FOG的线形检测系统在桥梁结构测试过程中，无需封路，不影响交通，具有方便、快捷、测量点连续、精度高等特点，尤其是在大跨桥梁的微小形变检测中具有传统技术无可比拟的优势。%Bridge is an important part of modern transportation systems, and the deformation is a key index for bridge’s safety evaluation. Considering that the traditional deformation detection technology has many shortcomings, a continuous deformation measurement system (CDMS) based on fiber optic gyroscope is presented and validated to rapidly achieve the curve measurement of long-span bridge and to timely and accurately locate the bridge’s maximum deflection. Experiments on the structure profiles of the calibration road and the solid bridge are made, aided by data comparison with leveling instruments. The results show that the detection accuracy can reach 5 mm for 100 m model bridge, and the detection accuracy can reach 2 cm for the solid bridge with the span of 400 m. The CDMS has no influence on the testing process, which has the advantages of convenient, fast, continuous measurement and high accuracy, especially in large-span bridges.
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