油用向日葵籽实品质性状的遗传研究

摘要

利用9个油用向日葵自交系进行5×4不完全双列杂交,采用包括胚、细胞质和母体植株遗传效应的二倍体种子数量性状遗传模型和统计分析方法,分析了油用向日葵(Helianthus annuus L.)籽实含油率、亚油酸含量和油酸含量的遗传效应.结果表明,含油率、亚油酸含量、油酸含量等品质性状同时受到胚、细胞质及母体植株等3套遗传体系基因的影响,含油率和亚油酸含量主要受控于细胞质效应基因和母体效应基因,细胞质互作则是影响油酸含量表现的主要效应；含油率、亚油酸含量的细胞质遗传率大于胚遗传率和母体遗传率,油酸含量的细胞质互作遗传率大于其他效应遗传率；含油率与亚油酸含量之间存在细胞质和母体显性的正相关,含油率与油酸含量之间存在细胞质和母体显性的负相关,亚油酸含量与油酸含量之间存在细胞质、母体加性、母体显性和直接显性×环境互作效应的负相关；控制含油率和亚油酸含量的细胞质基因及母体显性基因存在着基因连锁或一因多效,而对油酸含量和亚油酸含量而言,则是母体加性基因及母体显性基因存在基因连锁或一因多效.%The 5 × 4 incomplete diallel cross design with nine inbreeds of oil sunflower(Helianthus annuus L.)were conducted to analyze the genetic effects from diploid embryo,cytoplasm and diploid maternal plant for the oil content (OC),linoleic acid content (LAC) and oleic acid content (OAC) traits of seeds,by using the genetic model for seed quantitative traits of diploid plant.The results showed that all of the traits were simultaneously controlled by the genetic effects from embryo genes,cytoplasmic genes and maternal plant genes.OC and LAC were mainly controlled by cytoplasmic and maternal genetic effects,while expression of OAC was mainly controlled by cytoplasmic × environment interaction effect.The cytoplasmic heritabilities were larger than the embryo and maternal heritabilitIies for OC and LAC traits,but the cytoplasmic × environment interaction heritabilities were more important than others effect for OAC.It were more important that the positive cytoplasmic correlations (rc)and maternal dominant correlations (rDm)between the OC and LAC,while OC was negative correlation with OAC ;Moreover,significant negative correlation were observed between the LAC and OAC,including cytoplasmic effect,maternal additive effect,maternal dominant effect and embryo dominant × environment interaction effect here were genetic linkage or pleiotropism among cytoplasmic genes of OC and LAC,and including maternal dominant gene.While genetic linkage or pleiotropism were revealed among maternal additive gene and maternal dominant gene for OAC and LAC.