关于反性骚扰立法的性别影响评估

摘要

Based on empirical research and literary comparison, this article makes an assessment of the impact that anti-sexual harassment legislation in China has on gender. It finds that the idea of single-sex protection in legislation results in a narrow application scope of laws prohibiting sexual harassment, excluding male or intersexual victims of sexual harassment and thus constituting institutional discrimination against such groups. The declaratory, general parts in the legislation negate the effectiveness of the protection provided for females, allowing sexual harassment and its negative impacts to remain pervasive. By referring to the legislative experiences of other countries and local provinces, the author puts forward approaches to improve the legislation against sexual harassment in China:Acknowledge actual needs of gender diversity in adopting a gender equality legislation model; refine preventive obligations against sexual harassment and incorporate additional legal liabilities; persuade trade associations to include anti-sexual harassment obligations into corporate social responsibility management systems, and alert employers to fulfill obligations to prevent sexual harassment in the workplace through impact litigation.%对我国反性骚扰立法进行性别影响评估后，发现其单一性别保护的立法理念导致禁止性骚扰法律规范适用范围过窄。不仅排除了性骚扰受害人中的男性及间性人，在客观上构成一种对男性和间性人的制度性性别歧视，而且，其宣示性笼统立法也部分消解了对女性群体的保护功效。因而在社会现实中，性骚扰现象及其危害仍然严重。有必要借鉴域外和我国地方的相关立法经验，来完善我国反性骚扰立法的路径：正视性别多元化的现实需求，采取性别平等立法模式，细化性骚扰防治义务并增设法律责任，倡导行业协会将其纳入企业社会责任管理体系，通过影响性诉讼警示用人单位履行防治职场性骚扰的义务。