古土壤用于古环境重建的理论与方法

摘要

As good geologic archives for paleoenvironmental reconstruction,paleosols are widely concerned.The mor-phology features of paloesols can be recognized through the observations on colour,particle size and new growth that differ from those of nieghboring sediments or rocks strata.Paleosols are classified mainly on the basis of taxonomic classification of modern soils and features of pedogenesis and diagnostic horixons.Paleoenvironmental reconstruction is an important part for paleosol research,in which elemental geochemistry features,isotopes of carbon and oxygen and other physical and chemical properties in paleosols are used to depict paleoenvironment in qualitative and quan-titative ways.The further studies on the reconstruction model for paleoenvironment,genesis mechanism of modern soils and environmental proxies should be strengthened.%古土壤是过去环境变化的良好记录者，受到广泛的研究。古土壤形态特征有别于相邻地层中的沉积物或岩石，通过发生层中颜色、粒度、新生体等形态特征可以很好地辨识。古土壤类型主要依据现代土壤系统分类并参照土壤发生学与诊断层特征标准进行分类。重建古环境是古土壤研究的主要内容，利用古土壤元素地球化学特征、碳氧同位素以及其他一些理化性质是定性与定量描述古环境的常用手段。当前需加强古环境重建模型以及现代土壤发生学机理的研究，慎重选择环境替代性指标。