影响长江四大家鱼自然繁殖的因素研究现状

摘要

成年四大家鱼通常在江河干流的附属湖泊中摄食肥育,繁殖季节则结群往上游迁移和产卵,产后的家鱼又陆续洄游到食料丰盛的湖泊中索饵,通过江湖洄游完成生活史.四大家鱼的自然繁殖与河道形态、水流特性、涨水、水温和气体过饱和密切相关.闸坝对河流的阻隔破坏了鱼类产卵和栖息环境,水体污染、过度捕捞和过度采砂等因素也会对其自然繁殖产生一定影响,从而导致鱼类资源严重衰退.本文以长江为例,较为全面地阐述了四大家鱼的生活习性,总结归纳了河流水力特性及水文特性对其自然繁殖的影响,为改善江湖洄游性鱼类洄游通道的连通性提供一定参考.%The feeding and fattening behaviors of the adult four major Chinese carps usually occur in lakes which are attached to river mainstream.In the breeding season,The fishes tend to move upstream together and spawn.Then,they migrate back to feed in the lakes where abundant foods are there after spawning;and eventually finish their specific life history.The spawning of the four major Chinese carps are closely related to river configuration,flow regime,rising water level,water temperature and gas oversaturation.The spawning surroundings and habitat of the fish are changed due to the obstruction of dams and sluices;and some factors also affect the spawning process of fishes,such as serious water pollution,overfishing and excessive sand mining,which would significantly decrease fish populations.This paper gives a comprehensive analysis of living habits for the four major Chinese carps,and summarizes the influence of hydraulic and hydrological characteristics on the fish reproduction,so as to provide reference for improving the connectivity of migration route for lake-river migratory fishes.