基于FE-SEA混合法的车内结构噪声预测分析

摘要

为分析预测高速列车车内结构噪声,本文基于声固耦合理论,结合有限元法(FE)、统计能量分析法(SEA)的优点,采用FE-SEA混合法建立车体-车内声腔耦合车内结构噪声预测模型,分析在垂向二系悬挂力作用下车体结构振动响应、0~500 Hz频段车内结构噪声及车体各组成部分对车内结构噪声的贡献度.分析结果表明:混合FE-SEA模型能够准确预测车体结构振动及车内结构噪声,具有较高的计算效率;在垂向二系悬挂力作用下,车内各部位噪声值相差较小,其变化趋势与二系悬挂力变化趋势一致;车体振动在低频段较明显,车体底板振动加速度、速度最大,对车内结构噪声的影响最大,可通过对底板采取减振措施降低车内结构噪声.%In order to predict the structural noise within a high-speed train ,a hybrid method that integrates the advantages of the finite element method (FEM ) and statistical energy analysis (SEA ) was employed based on the acoustic-solid coupling theory ,to build a model to predict the internal structure noise resulting from the ve-hicle-acoustic cavity coupling .When the train body is under the vertical secondary suspension force ,its struc-ture vibration ,internal noise at a wide frequency band (0~500 Hz) and the contribution from each component of train body to the internal noise were analyzed .The results show that the proposed FE-SEA model can accu-rately predict the vibration and internal noise of the train with high calculation efficiency .Under the vertical secondary suspension force ,the discrepancies of the internal noise at different positions within the train are small ,and the variation trend of the internal noise is almost the same as that of the vertical secondary suspen-sion force .In addition ,the structure vibration of the train body is more remarkable at low frequencies .It was also found that the floor has the largest vibration acceleration and speed among all the components within the train body ,and has the most significant influence on the internal noise of the train .Therefore ,it is feasible to reduce the internal noise by optimizing the floor structure .