我国中小河流众多,山洪频发,洪灾损失严重,是造成人员伤亡的主要灾种.目前,我国中小河流山洪预报预警技术研究还处于初步阶段,山洪监测预警系统尚在试点建设中.介绍水利部公益性项目"中小河流突发性洪水监测与预警预报技术研究"开发的中小河流山洪预警预报原型系统,包括基于分布式水文模型、动态临界雨量的山洪预警预报方法,山洪预警预报原型系统的总体结构、软件设计与功能实现,以及在其中一个示范区江西遂川江的试运行情况,并对其实际应用进行了分析,以期为当前所开展的中小河流洪水易发区水文监测预警项目及全国山洪灾害防御非工程措施建设等工作提供参考.%There are many medium- and small-size rivers in China, where flood damage is serious and flash flood is major disaster with casualties. Currently, technology of flash flood forecasting and early warning for medium- and small-size rivers is still in its initial stage, the mountain torrents monitoring and warning system is still under construction in the pilot. It was described that development of a prototype medium and small river flash floods forecasting and warning systems had made by the Ministry of Water Resources public project "medium and small rivers flash flood monitoring and early warning and forecasting technology research", including distributed hydrological model, flash floods forecasting and warning based on dynamic threshold method for rainfall, overall structure, software design and implementation of function of the flash floods early warning and forecast prototype system.
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