一种新型人工降雨入渗实验系统研制

摘要

人工降雨入渗实验是产流过程与机理研究的重要手段之一.为了提高人工实验观测的精度和可靠性,通过技术升级改造,研制了一种新型人工降雨入渗实验系统,主要包括下垫面系统、人工降雨系统和数据观测记录系统三部分.开展了25场人工降雨入渗实验对该系统的各项指标和功能进行验证.并用Horton下渗公式对各场次下渗过程线进行拟合,各场次的拟合结果良好,均方根误差小于0.15,相关系数和纳西效率系数分别在0.97和0.95左右.研究结果表明该系统在降雨时间过程的平稳性与空间分布的均匀性、流量观测的精度与时间分辨率、系统的自动化程度与便携性等方面表现优异,能够为降雨入渗产流机理研究提供重要的技术支撑.%Artificial rainfall-infiltration experiment is an important study means of runoff process and mechanism.In order to improve the accuracy and reliability of artificial experimental observation,through technological upgrading,this paper developed a new type of artificial rainfall-infiltration experiment system,including three parts of underlying surface system,artificial rainfall observation system and data recording system.25 artificial rainfall-infiltration experiments were conducted to verify indicators and features of the system.And Horton's infiltration model was employed in infiltration process line fitting of each experimental session.The fitting result is good,the root mean square error is less than 0.15,the correlation coefficient and Nash efficiency coefficient is about 0.97 and 0.95,respectively.The results show the excellent performance of the system in stability on the time course and spatial uniformity of rainfall,accuracy and time resolution of flow observation,automation degree and portability,which can provide important technical support for rainfall infiltration runoff mechanism research.