The paper analyzes the effect on the body shape and body composition of primary school pupils and tries to explore a means to prevent and control obesity. Methods: a total of 430overweight / obese students are selected randomly from four primary schools as experimental intervention targets. They are divided into groups of aerobic, anaerobic group, consolidated group and the control group. The experiment lasts for 16 weeks with five days of exercise per week and about 65 minutes every day. The exercise intensity is controlled within the target heart rate range. Results:after 16 weeks of exercise intervention, their waist circumference, hip circumference and body fat percentage significantly decrease ( p <0 . 05 ) , while their body weight and level of intervention on this indicator have no interaction (p> 0. 05). Their waist circumference, hip circumference and body fat percentage is significantly affected by the intervention ( p <0 . 05 ) . Conclusion: the 16 weeks of school-based exercise intervention approach can significantly reduce the pupils' waist, hip and other body morphology index, but there are no significant changes in body weight. Aerobic-based exercise is best. Exercise intervention can significantly reduce the body fat percentage of primary school pupils, improve their body composition;role of aerobic exercise maximum.%分析以运动为主的干预方式对小学生体形态和体成分的干预情况，并探讨适合小学生防控肥胖的有效手段。方法：随机抽取四所小学4、5年级中9-13岁超重/肥胖学生作为实验干预对象，共计430人，分为有氧组、无氧组、综合组和对照组，实验持续16周，每周运动5天，每天约65min；运动强度控制在靶心率范围内。结果：经过16周运动干预后，小学生的腰围、臀围和体脂百分比均显著下降(p<0.05)，体重级别与干预方式在上述三个指标上均无交互作用存在(p>0.05)，干预方式显著影响腰围、臀围和脂肪百分比(p<0.05)，结论：16周以学校为基础的运动干预方式能够明显减小小学生的腰围、臀围等体形态指标，对体重的影响效果不明显；有氧为主的运动对体形态的改善效果最优；运动干预方式能够显著降低小学生的体脂百分比，有效改善体成分；有氧为主的运动效果最优。
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