Objective:miRNAs affect the trainability of athletic ability by regulating the essential processes of exercise adaption. The expression profile of Urine cell - free miRNAs (UCF - miRNAs)associates with the pattern of miRNA in tissue. The research is to build the model of UCF - miRNA expressing pattern reflecting the train-ability of aerobic athletic ability. Method:91 healthy male freshmen without any experience of aerobic training are engaged in a 17 - week aerobic training with the running economy (RE/ R - RE)before and after the train-ing were measured,and then the subjects are grouped as High Response group(HR group)and Common Re-sponse group(CR group),depending on the result of the K - means clustering of growth ratio of R - RE. The characters of UCF - miRNAs’Differential Expression Profil were extracted and analyzed. Result:12 UCF -miRNAs are closely related to exercise adoption and their expressing patterns are extracted,validated and con-firmed to constitute the differential expression profile of HR group which is characteristic of higher growth ratio of R - RE with its Differential Expression Profile coincides with the positive characters of aerobic athletic abili-ty. Conclusion:UCF - miRNAs’Differential Expression Profile is closely related to the trainability of aerobic athletic ability,which can be used as a method to forecast the potential of aerobic athletic ability and to value the effect of training early and accurately.%目的：miRNA参与调控运动性适应基本生理过程的基因选择性表达，其调控模式影响运动适应能力，导致运动能力及可训练性的个体差异。组织 miRNA 与尿游离 miRNA（UCF －miRNA）在表达水平上密切相关，本研究分析 UCF － miRNA 表达谱特征与有氧运动能力可训练性水平的关系，构建关联模型用于运动员选材和训练。方法：k － means法对91名无训练背景的男性大学新生17周有氧训练前后跑节省化相对值（R － RE）变化率做聚类分析，将研究对象分为对训练的高敏感型组（ HR组）和普通敏感型组（CR组）。提取和分析 HR组 UCF － miRNAs表达谱模式特征及其与有氧耐力指标的相关性。结果：12个在功能上与运动性适应调控相关的UCF － miRNAs构成的特异性表达差异谱与显著高于平均水平的 R － RE 提高率表型有关联，其表达水平变化率与有氧耐力相关指标变化率具有显著的相关性。结论：单次训练过程中UCF －miRNAs特征性表达谱模式与有氧运动能力的可训练性存在关联，可用来早期预测有氧运动能力发展潜力。
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