体育锻炼对大学生身体成分及健康的影响

摘要

Body composition of college students from P.E. major and non-P.E.major is analysied and reasearched by literature, test and statistic methods to understand the effects of systematic exercise on body composition of college students. Results show the following problems in non-P.E. major college studentsthe fat mass is high; the body weight and the fat-free mass is low;body composition is inappropriate; the malnutrition situation is conspicuous; the nutritional deficiencies is more serious in boys than in girls and girl's obesity problem is very prominent. In contrast,body composition in P.E. major college students is relatively rational, but female's obesity proportion is not allowed to neglect.Exercise has beneficial influence on controlling suitable body composition, reducing alimentary deficiency and fat incidence, and promoting health.Propaganda and education about body composition and health status should be strengthened. With rational nutrition, sceientific physical exercise is the best way to enhance physical fitness and health of college students.%为了解系统的体育锻炼对大学生身体成分的影响，采用文献资料法，实验法和统计法对体育专业和非体育专业大学生身体成分进行了分析和研究。结果表明：非体育专业大学生的体脂偏高，体重及去脂体重偏低，身体成分不合理，营养失调严重，男生营养缺乏的情况较多，女生营养过剩导致肥胖的问题非常突出；体育专业大学生的身体成分相对合理，但女生肥胖比例亦不容忽视。说明系统的体育锻炼对于控制适宜的身体成分，减少营养缺乏及肥胖的发生率，促进身体健康具有有益影响。提出加强身体成分与健康的宣传教育，在合理营养的前提下，进行科学的体育锻炼是增强体质，增进健康的的最佳途径。