Objectives:To discussed the development process of tracheoesophageal organization structure,for rich the tracheoesophageal content in Embryology to provide the morphological data.Methods:Collect different weekly embryos by drug abortion and induced labor from affiliated hospital,take tracheoesophageal to do paraffin section,observe the tracheoesophageal structure at different stages by microscope. Results:At 4-week embryo,tracheoesophageal wall consists of simple cuboidal epithelium and mesenchymal.At 6-week embryo, tracheoesophageal wall is made up of stratified columnar epithelium and mesenchymal.Embryo 10 ~ 12 weeks,tracheal tube wall can distinguish the mucosa and submucosa and outer membrane three layer structure;esophageal wall can distinguish the mucosa and submucosa and muscular layer and adventitia four layer structure;the epithelium of trachea and esophagus all were stratified ciliated columnar.Embryo 16~28 weeks,the structure of tracheoesophageal gradually mature,similar to adults at 28 week.Conclusion:Due to the homology in early de-velopment,the trachea and esophagus shows the same structure.With the embryonic development,the structure of trachea and esophagus has differentiated induced by different factors effect,but their stratified ciliated columnar epithelium lasts for along time,then gradually evolved into their respective characteristic of the epithelium.The results illustrate that early ciliated columnar epithelium has its special significance in the evolution of the epithelium and the development of the whole organ differentiation.%目的：：探讨气管食管组织结构的发生发育过程,为丰富气管食管的胚胎学内容提供形态学资料。方法：收集附属医院药流及引产的不同周次人胚,取气管食管进行石蜡切片,显微镜观察不同阶段气管食管组织结构。结果：胚胎4周,气管食管壁由单层立方上皮和外周间充质构成。胚胎6周,气管食管壁由复层柱状上皮和外周的间充质构成。胚胎10~12周,气管管壁能分辨黏膜、黏膜下层和外膜三层结构；食管管壁能分辨黏膜、黏膜下层、肌层和外膜四层结构；气管食管的上皮均为复层纤毛柱状。胚胎16~28周,气管食管的结构逐渐成熟,28周左右与成人相似。结论：气管食管由于发生的同源性,在发生发育早期结构相同。随着胚胎发育,受到不同诱导因素作用气管和食管的结构发生分化,但它们的复层柱状纤毛上皮持续存在一个较长时期,之后逐渐演化为各自特有的上皮。说明早期的纤毛柱状上皮在上皮的演化乃至整个器官的发育分化过程中有其特殊意义。
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