反射棱镜是光学仪器中的一种重要光学元件，起着正像、折转光轴、缩小仪器尺寸等作用。反射棱镜的作用是使光轴变成折线，可以在空间折转，所以应有空间概念，从空间角度来研究物体及其像的共轭关系。本文应用动态光学【1】理论，从理论上分析了棱镜的特点，即对于平面非屋脊棱镜，当反射次数为偶数，出射光轴和入射光轴同向时，棱镜旋转像不产生偏转；对于平面屋脊棱镜，当反射次数为奇数，出射光轴与入射光轴反向，棱镜旋转像不产生偏转。根据该特点，将单个不同形式的棱镜或按一定要求将棱镜组合，使其入射光轴与出射光轴满足上述要求，即可将其应用到多光轴平行性检测中，替代大口径平行光管的作用，实现不受光轴口径限制的多光轴平行性的检测。本文列举了几种具有该特点的棱镜，并将其应用到实际多光轴平行性检测中。%Reflection prism is an important optical element in the optical instrument. It’s important in erecting image, bending optical axis, zoom out the size of instrument. It is different with the lens, it has reflector. The optical axis turns into polyline. Sometimes the optical axis replicater in space. So it must have the concept of space, to study the conjugation relationship of the object and the image. This paper uses the moving optical theory, analyzes the prism’s feature. For plane normal ridge prism, the reflection time is even number, the sending out optical axis is the same with the incident optical axis. The prism goes around any axis in space,there is no imaging deflection. For plane ridge prism, the reflection time is odd number, the sending out optical axis is the opposite with the incident optical axis. The prism goes around any axis in space,there is no imaging deflexion. According this point,with a kind of prism or assemble them, making the incident optical axis and the sending out optical axis to satisfy a fore mentioned request .it can be used to detect the parallelism of multi-beam axis. The effect is the same with the heavy caliber collimator. Re-alizing the multi-beam axis parallelism detection, there is not limited by the aperture of optical. This paper gave out several prism with this characteristic,and used it into the practical detection of the multi-beam axis.
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