中欧贸易碳排放转移研究

摘要

China-EU trade is too important to disregard its impact on global CO2 emissions.If EU reduces its CO2 emissions by relocating its production or importing CO2-intensive products from China,its emissions reduction commitment in the Kyoto Protocol would be pointless.Based on environmental input-output analysis,the paper calculates the CO2 emission leakage by China-EU trade.Evidence suggests that China＇s emissions exports to EU account for 2.99%-8.85% of its total CO2 emissions from 1995 to 2009,while EU＇s emissions exports to China only account for 0.17%-0.73% of EU＇s emissions in the time period.So,the new emission accounting system including international trade should be implemented.China should upgrade its exports structure to reduce and improve its emission intensity.EU should provide fund aid and environment friendly technology to China.%中欧贸易在世界贸易中占有举足轻重的地位,通过中欧商品贸易转移的碳排放对中国和全球的碳排放也有很大的影响。虽然欧盟一直是节能减排的积极倡导者和实践者,但如果欧盟是通过增加从中国等发展中国家的进口而减少其国内生产从而实现其减排目标,则其承诺将是毫无意义的。本文建立环境投入产出模型对1995-2010年中欧贸易的碳排放转移进行研究。结果表明：通过国际贸易,中国有2.99-8.85%碳排放是为欧盟消费而排放的,而从欧盟进口所承载的碳排放只占0.17-0.73%。产生巨大的碳排放转移的原因除了中欧贸易不平衡外,还有贸易结构和能源强度的差异,因此,中国为欧盟各国减排目标的实现做出了巨大贡献,欧盟应为中国提供资金和技术方面的援助。