针对铅基多孔材料反重力渗流铸造新工艺,研究填料粒子预热温度、熔体温度、充型压力和填料粒子粒径等工艺参数对渗流成型过程的影响规律,获得孔径可控、结构均匀的铅基多孔阳极的制备技术.同时,针对所制备多孔材料孔径大且孔形不规则问题,提出一种适用于大孔径及孔形不规则的多孔材料平均孔径测试方法.研究结果表明:采用反重力渗流铸造法制备铅基多孔材料的关键是合理选择铸造温度、充型压力和粒子预热温度这3个工艺参数,粒径对制备工艺的影响较小；当铅液的铸造温度为430～490℃,填料粒子的预热温度为240～280℃,充型压力为0.06～0.08 MPa时制备的多孔样品渗流长度长,且孔洞均匀、缺陷少,效果最好.该方法可用于大孔径孔形不规则的多孔材料平均孔径的测量.%The effects of preheating temperature of filler particles, casting temperature, filling pressure, filler particle size etc on the new casting method named counter-gravity infiltration for the fabrication of lead-based porous material were studied. The preparation technique for lead-based porous material with controllable pore size and uniform structure was obtained. Meanwhile, an average aperture testing technique applicable to porous materials with big aperture and irregular shape was given to deal with the big size and irregular shape of pores of porous material obtained in this work. The results show that the key factors for the preparation of lead-based porous materials by counter-gravity infiltration are casting temperature, filling pressure and preheating temperature of filler particles, and the filler particle size has little influence on the preparation process. At the optimum casting temperature, preheating temperature of filler particles and filling pressure of 430-490 ℃, 240-280 ℃ and 0.06-0.08 Mpa, the best lead-based porous material with the longest infiltration length, less defects and uniform pore structure was gotten. This method can be used to measure the average apertures of porous materials with big apertures and irregular shape.
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