先天性心脏病患儿术前营养状况及影响因素

摘要

Objective:To investigate the preoperational nutritional condition for the children with congenital heart disease,and to analyze the relevant factors.Methods:According to the standards of WHO,the Z-scores was used to assess the nutritional condition for the children,and the generational information questionnaire,State-Trait Anxiety Inventory,Self-Rating Depression Scale and Parent Understanding Questionnaire were used to analyze the maternal factors.Results:Stunting,underweighting and wasting represented the poor nutritional conditions,which accounted for 28.6％,25.3％ and 25.3％,respectively.Maternal accurate perception and the psychological problems such as anxiety and depression were the main relevant factors.Conclusion:The poor nutritional condition for the congenital heart disease was serious.It is very important to improve the maternal accurate perception and to relieve the maternal psychological problems for changing the nutritional condition through appropriate health education and effective intervention.%目的:调查先天性心脏病患儿术前营养状况,分析相关的影响因素.方法:依据WHO的诊断标准,采用Z评分法对患儿的营养状况进行评估,应用一般资料问卷、状态特质焦虑量表(State-Trait Anxiety Inventory,STAI)、抑郁自评量表(Self-Rating Depression Scale,SDS)、疾病知识问卷(Parent Understanding Questionnaire,PUQ)对母亲相关因素进行调查分析,分析其对患儿营养状况的影响.结果:先天性心脏病患儿发育迟缓发生率为28.6％,低体重发生率为25.3％,消瘦发生率为25.3％.母亲对疾病的正确感知和焦虑抑郁是对患儿营养状况造成影响的主要因素.结论:先天性心脏病患儿的营养不良状况比较严重,应选择合适的健康教育内容和干预方式对患儿母亲进行干预,以改变其照顾行为,改善患儿营养状况.