重度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征并发大小便失禁Ⅰ例

摘要

回顾性分析1例因“反复睡眠中打鼾10余年,大小便失禁半月”就诊于中南大学湘雅二医院的青年男性患者,最终诊断为阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome,OSAHS).本例患者在当地医院就诊时考虑为脑卒中,予以相应治疗后大小便失禁并未得到改善.人我院后多导睡眠监测示睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数44.7次/h(其中呼吸暂停指数为43.7次/h),氧减指数70.8次/h,最长呼吸暂停时间185 s,此时血氧饱和度最低,为31％,记录中共有413次呼吸暂停,占睡眠时间的61.2％,夜间最低心率为23 min-1,诊断为重度OSAHS、缺血缺氧代谢性脑病、肺源性心脏病、肺动脉高压(轻度)、继发红细胞增多和肥胖低通气综合征.压力滴定示呼吸机平均治疗压力为11.7 cmH2O(1 cmH2O=100 Pa)时,整晚呼吸紊乱指数从44.7次/h下降至5次/h,最低血氧饱和度由31％升至89％.予以气道正压通气无创呼吸机治疗后其大小便失禁症状完全消失,笔者考虑本例患者大小便失禁可能为夜间重度低氧血症引起大脑对脊髓腰骶段的初级排便中枢的调控减弱所致.当接诊夜间大小便失禁、白天明显嗜睡的肥胖打鼾患者时应特别注意排除OSAHS,气道正压通气治疗可治愈OSAHS患者的大小便失禁.%A case of a young male patient,who came to the Second Xiangya Hospital,Central South University because of snoring for 10 years and nocturnal gatism for half month,was analyzed retrospectively.He was diagnosed as obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) finally.The patient had been diagnosed and treated as stroke in the local hospital,while urinary and anal incontinence were not relieved.It was a dilemma for him to be properly diagnosed and treated.Polysomnography in our hospital revealed apnea hypopnea index (AHI) at 44.7 events/h,oxygen desaturation index (ODI) at 70.8 events/h and the longest apnea time at 185 seconds while the lowest blood oxygen saturation reduced to 31％.In addition,413 events of apnea accounted for 61.2％ of the sleep time and the minimal heart rate was 23 times/min.The patient was diagnosed as severe OSAHS with hypoxia metabolic brain disease,moderate pulmonary arterial hypertension,secondary polycythemia and obesity hypoventilation syndrome finally.He received the treatment of positive airway pressure non-invasive ventilator with an average pressure at 11.7 cmH2O with reduced AHI and increased blood oxygen saturation.The urinary and anal incontinence disappeared during the first night of treatment and it has been totally resolved so far.We considered that gatism was secondary to OSAHS with severe hypoxia resulted from attenuated regulation of primary defecation in the night.Physicians should pay attention to OSAHS when accepting obese patients with nocturnal incontinence,obvious daytime sleepiness and night snoring.Urinary and anal incontinence could be completely disappeared under therapy of positive airway pressure.