By combining existing documents and literatures and field investigation data, the geographical distribution and distribution pattern of species diversity of fir(Abies Mill.) in China were quantitatively analyzed, and the endangerment mechanisms of several rare and endangered species were also discussed. The results show that (1) the Hengduan mountains regions in West Sichuan and North Yunnan were the modern distribution center and mutation center of fir in China; (2)With the increase of latitude and longitude, the distribution pattern of species diversity of fir presented an rising trend that firstly increases and then decreases, between 98 ° to 104 ° E and 26 ° to 30 ° N, the distribution of species was the most concentrated; the vertical distribution pattern presented like the horizontal distribution pattern. Between 2600 m to 3600 m, there were more species number; (3) the distribution altitude of Abies increased with a decrease of longitude and decreases with an increase of latitude; (4)the needs of wet and cold habitat, and climate change were the reasons that caused several species of Abies to be endangered.%结合文献资料和野外调查,定量分析了中国冷杉属Abies Mill.植物的地理分布特征和物种多样性分布格局,并探讨几种珍稀濒危冷杉属植物孤岛状分布的成因.结果表明:(1)川西滇北横断山区是我国冷杉属的现代分布中心和变异中心;(2)随着经度、纬度的增加,冷杉属植物物种多样性呈现先增加后减少的分布格局,在98°～104°E、26°～30°N之间,冷杉属种数分布最集中;同样,垂直分布格局也呈现相似的趋势,在2 600～3600m的中高海拔冷杉物种数较多; (3)冷杉属植物分布的海拔高度随经度的减小而上升,随纬度的增加而降低; (4)冷杉属植物喜湿冷的特性和气候变化等原因导致该属几种冷杉的濒危现状.
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