综述了文献报道的应用于重金属污染土壤治理的超积累、本土和生态-经济型植物种类。超积累植物具有抗性强、耐受重金属浓度高和转移系数大的优点，不足之处是大多数超积累植物适生范围窄，生物量小、富集总量小，以至修复周期长。在复合重金属污染场地的治理中，多金属超积累植物的筛选已成为新的关注点。为了发挥植物修复技术在重建植被与景观、控制水土流失、丰富生物多样性、提高土地利用价值等诸多方面的功能，有必要扩大植物种类筛选与应用的范围。利用适生的本土先锋植物生长快的优势，结合用材、工业原料、药用、能源、景观等生态-经济型植物的功能构建复合植被群落，可望成为发展植物修复技术的新趋势。%A literature review has been conducted on hyperaccumulator, pioneer and ecological-economic plant species used in phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soils. Hyperaccumulators are recognized by their natures of tolerance to high levels of heavy metal contamination and high metal transfer coefficient. The screening of multi-metal hyperaccumulators has drawn much attention in recent years for remediation of multi-metal polluted sites. There are limitations in phytoremediation for application of hyperaccumulators. A large population of identified hyperaccumulators are found to have narrow adequate distribution area and low quantity of total metal uptake due to their small biomass growth, which, when used in practice, leads to relatively long remediation periods. There is a high need to broaden the selection range of plant species so as to improve the multiple functions of phytoremediation with respect to restoration of vegetation and landscape, control of soil erosion, enrichment of biodiversity and enhancement of land utilization value. Use of plant species possessing high ecological and economic values (e.g., wood, industrial raw material, medicine and biofuel plants, as well as species with high landscape values) in combination with native fast-growth pioneer plants to establish a multiple vegetation ecosystem has shown to have a potential perspective for future development of phytoremediation technology.
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