人工生态恢复对南宁青秀山植物群落多样性的影响

摘要

为了探讨人工构建群落与自然群落的差异，对南宁青秀山16类典型植物群落进行了调查。结果表明，与自然群落相比人工群落的的物种和个体数的变化明显。物种数最多的乔木层只有12种，灌木层15种和草本层14种；最少的物种数乔木层只有2种，灌木层0种和草本层0种。物种数量和个体数量的变化受植物种类、生长状况、观赏性及设计师的影响最大。与自然群落相比，人工群落的 Gleason 指数、Shannon–Weiner 指数和Pielou 指数变化较大。Gleason 指数最高的乔木层为桂花林群落2.0918、灌木层为粉单竹群落3.2572、草本层为粉单竹群落0.8493；最低的是棕榈群落0.3218、灌木层和草本层为0。Shannon–Weiner 指数最高的乔木层为钝叶黄檀-大花紫薇群落2.1193、灌木层为粉单竹群落2.1059、草本层为粉单竹群落1.6526；最低的是桃花植物群落0.1822、灌木层和草本层为0。与自然群落相比，乔灌草的比例与变化较大，有的接近自然群落，有的与自然群落差异极大；群落中常绿种类偏多，落叶植物较少。%In order to investigate the difference between artificial communities and natural community, 16 typical plant communities of Nanning Qingxiushan were investigated. The results show that the species and individual numbers of different artificial sample varied compared with the nature community. The maximal species of arbor layer, shrub and grass and ground layer were 12 kinds, 15kinds and 14kinds respectively. The minimal species of arbor layer, shrub and grass and ground layer were 2 kinds, 0 kinds and 0 kinds respectively. Changes in species number and individual number are mostly affected by plant species, growth status, ornamental and designer. Compared with the natural community, the Gleason indexes, the Weiner-Shannon indexes and the Pielou indexes of the artificial community changed greatly. The highest Gleason index of arbor layer was 2.091 8, the shrub layer was 3.257 2, and the herb layer was 0.849 3, and the lowest Gleason index of arbor layer was 0.321 8, the shrub layer and the herb layer were 0. The highest Shannon-Weiner index of arbor layer was Dalbergia obtusifolia-Lagerstroemia speciosa community 2.1193, shrub layer was Bambusa chungii community 2.105 9, the herb layer was Bambusa chungii 1.652 6. The lowest Shannon-Weiner index of arbor layer was Amygdalus persica community 0.182 2, shrub layer and herb layer were 0. Compared with natural communities, the ratio of arbor, shrub and grass layer changed largely, some over natural communities, some close to natural communities. The species of evergreen species in the community is more than that of the deciduous plants.