不同处理对4种榆属植物嫩枝扦插生根的影响

摘要

With Ulmus pumila L.,Ulmus macrocarpa Hance,Ulmus glaucescens Franch,Ulmus pumila cv.jinye,the softwood cutting experiment of four species of trees were studied on different substrates,length of cuttings and processing times and treated with ABT rooting powder as exogenous hormones.By using the L16(44) orthogonal test design in a greenhouse with a system with full exposure and automatic intermittent spray.The species was the dominant factor on the rooting rate,and followed by the cutting length.The substrates had the least impact on rooting rates.There was significant difference in rooting rates,average rooting lengths,average rooting numbers and the root effect indexes among four species.Ulmus pumila L.had the highest rooting rate,and followed by Ulmus pumila cv.jinye,the last one is Ulmus glaucescens Franch.The rooting rates of 5 cm were the highest,reaching 55.8％,but its root effect index was the lowest,which was only about 0.003.The rooting rates with the increasing of hormone treatment time present a trend of rise first and then fall,and the rooting rates were at the highest when at 5 min and treated with 1 500 mg/L ABT rooting powder,which was 1.46 times higher than the clear water.There was no significant difference in rooting rates and rooting characteristics of other cuttings treated with different substrates.When used the species Ulmus pumila L.,substrates of perlite:turfy soil is 8:2 compound,and the length is 20 cm,and with the 1 500 mg/L rooting powder treatment 30 min,finally can obtain the finest preferable cutting propagation technical conditions,the rooting rate and the root effect index were 78.7％ and 0.019 respectively.%选用榆属中家榆、大果榆、早榆、金叶榆4个树种的嫩枝为插穗,以ABT生根粉为外源激素,以不同基质、不同插穗长度和不同的处理时间处理插穗,在全光照自动间歇喷雾条件下进行嫩枝扦插试验.结果表明:影响嫩枝扦插生根率的主导因素为种,其次是插穗长度,基质的影响最小;不同种间扦插生根率、平均根长、平均根数和根系效果指数差异均达到极显著水平;家榆的生根率最好,其次是金叶榆,旱榆最差;5er的插穗生根率最高,达55.8％,但根系效果指数最低,只为0.003;生根率随激素处理时间的增加出现“先升后降”的现象,以1 500 mg/L的生根粉处理5 min时,其生根率最高,是清水对照的1.46倍;不同基质处理插穗的生根率和其它生根性状均不显著;当选用种为家榆,基质V(珍珠岩)∶V(草炭土)为8∶2,插穗长度为20 cm,经1 500 mg/L生根粉处理30 min,能达到最佳生根效果,生根率和根系效果指数分别为78.7％和0.019.