我国台风灾害救助应急响应的时空分布特征

摘要

基于2005 - 2010年历次台风灾害救助应急响应的启动和损失情况,在统计分析响应频次和响应灾情的基础上,研究分析了国家台风灾害救助应急响应的时空分布特征.结果表明,国家台风灾害救助应急响应的时空分布特征大致反映了我国重大台风灾害损失的时空分布特征和我国台风灾害救助工作的发展变化和新思路:①2005 - 2010年,国家共针对24次台风过程启动救助应急响应51次,平均每年8.5次,其中四级、三级响应分别为41次、10次,平均每年6.8次、2.5次,分别占80％和20％.②7-9月国家启动台风应急响应最多,10月、5月和4月偶有分布.③近年重大台风损失2005 - 2006年严重,2007 - 2010年则较轻；国家针对台风灾害启动响应从东南沿海向内陆和北方沿海省份递减.④紧急转移安置人口是启动响应依据最多的指标,且呈现明显的逐年下降趋势,反映了近年来国家对台风灾害救助工作的重视和以“预防为主”的应急管理新思路.%Through analysis on a collection of information on typhoon disaster emergency responses during 2005-2010, the spatial-temporal characteristics of emergency responses for typhoon disaster relief initialed in the past 6 years are studied. The main conclusions are; ( 1) During 2005 ?2010, a total of 51 national emergency responses are initiated, and 80% are of grade-IV and 20% grade-Ill. (2) Most emergency responses were launched from July to September. (3) The number of emergency responses initialed made changed smaller from the southeast coastal region extending to inland areas and provinces in northern part of China. (4) The indicator of the number of people evacuated and resettled necessitated the greatest number of emergency responses, reflecting the new thought as Taking Prevention as the Main Task in typhoon disaster emergency management in China.