中蒙边境地区草原火时空分布特征分析

摘要

草原火灾是中蒙两国共同遭受的比较严重的自然灾害之一。针对中蒙边境地区的草原火灾，以内蒙古东乌珠穆沁旗及接壤的蒙古国三个苏木为研究区，采用2000－2014年的 MCD45A 火烧迹地产品，利用 GIS 空间分析方法对中蒙边境地区草原火的时空分布特征进行分析研究。研究结果表明：近15年研究区过火迹地空间分布广泛，而研究区总过火面积的95％分布在蒙古国境内。每个像元上的过火频次较高，最高在蒙古国的哈拉哈郭勒苏木境内，过火频次达到15年内同一个像元上发生7次。而中国的东乌珠穆沁旗境内却没有该现象。研究区过火面积的年际变化表明，2000－2008年呈减少趋势，2008－2014年呈增加趋势。由旬变化可知，4－6月是蒙古国过火面积最大的月份，而10月至来年4月是东乌珠穆沁旗过火面积最大的月份。%Grassland fire is one of the serious natural disasters suffered both in China and Mongolia.In view of the grassland fire occurred in 3 banner of East Ujimqin banner in China and adjacent Mongolia as research area, the spatiotemporal characteristics was analyzed by GIS space analysis method and using the 2000 -2014 MCD45A burned products.The study results indicated that recent 15a,the burned area distributed widely and 95% of the total area of the study area located in the territory of Mongolia,with the highest rate of 7 in Khalkhgol.But East Ujimqin Banner has not happened it.The annual variation trend of the burned area showed that the downward trend happened in 2000 -2008,and upward trend in 2008 -2014.Known by ten days change,the period that biggest burned area takes place in Mongolia is from April to June,and in East Ujimqin from October to next year April.