美国校园应急预案建设及对我国的启示

摘要

Under the background of the fact that American schools are increasingly threatened by incidents such as terrorism and school violence,in order to response to the Presidential Policy Directive (PPD-8) and the state of national emergency practice,Guide for Developing High-quality School Emergency Operations Plans is issued by U.S.Department of Education and Federal Emergency Management Agency in 2013.This guide replaces Practical Information on Crisis Planning:A Guide for Schools and Communities that passed in 2003 and expands as well as extends the theory and practice of American school emergency management.The core content includes the planning process and framework of the emergency plans,which not only has a positive effect for the American school emergency plans,but also provides an important reference of process optimization and content improvement of the school emergency plans for other countries.By learning from the experience of the programming of American school emergency plans,we can improve the programming of our school emergency plans from the aspects of principle,process and content framework based on the reality of our country.%《美国优质校园应急行动预案指南》是美国教育部与美国联邦应急管理署等部门在美国校园日益受到恐怖主义、校园暴力等突发事件威胁背景下,为响应8号总统政策令(PPD-8)及国家应急实践状态而于2013年出台的新阶段校园应急预案编制指南.它取代了2003年下发的《危机计划的实用资料:学校和社区指南》,是对美国校园应急管理理论与实践的拓展和延续.其核心内容包括应急预案编制流程及内容框架,这不仅对美国校园应急预案编制及应急管理发展有着积极作用,也对其它国家校园应急预案的流程优化与内容完善提供了重要参考与借鉴.我国可汲取美国编制校园应急预案经验,基于我国实际,从原则、流程、内容框架等方面完善我国校园应急预案编制工作.