我国城市居民体型变化研究:基于组群分析的视角

摘要

基于组群法比较1979年与2013年我国城市汉族居民体型特征,并探讨体型变化原因.方法:2013年从北京、上海、杭州等5个城市的城区随机抽取城市户籍成年人为研究对象,调查我国城市汉族居民体型相关身体形态指标,并以1979年全国城市汉族居民体质调查结果为常模.根据Martin法对体型分型,比较1979年与2013年体型差异.结果:20～24岁城区居民体型34年前后对比:男性腿长分型由亚短腿型转变为中腿型,胸部分型由窄胸型转变为中胸型,人体整体由瘦长型转变为中间型;女性腿长分型由亚短腿型转变为中腿型,胸部分型由窄胸型转变为中胸型,躯干长度由长躯干型转变为中躯干型,肩部分型由中肩型转变为窄肩型,人体整体由瘦长型转变为中间型.1979年20～24岁与2013年54～58岁体型对比:男性腿长分型由亚短腿型转变为中腿型,骨盆分型由窄骨盆转变为中骨盆,胸部分型由窄胸型转变为宽胸型,人体整体由瘦长型转变为中间型;女性腿长分型由亚短腿型转变为中腿型,胸部分型由窄胸型转变为宽胸型,躯干分型由长躯干转变为中躯干,人体整体由瘦长型转变为矮胖型.结论:34年来,城市汉族居民体型发生了较大变化.1979年20～24岁与2013年20～24岁同龄组居民体型差异主要是由生活水平、生活方式和体力活动水平等变化所导致;而1979年20～24岁与2013年54～58岁同一组群居民体型差异原因还包括人类寿命自然生长的增龄效应,以及增龄效应与组群效应的交互作用.%Objective: Based on cohort analysis, this study sets to compare the somatotype characteristics of Chinese urban Han residents and explore the reasons of somatotype change between 1979 and 2013. Methods: The subjects were randomly selected from five cities of Beijing, Shanghai,Hangzhou and so on in 2013,taking the results of the survey of urban Han residents in 1979 as the norm,in order to investigate the body shape indexes of urban Han residents in China. According to Martin method, the differences of somatotype will be compared between 1979 and 2013. Results: A comparison of the somatotype of urban residents between 20 and 24 is made. As to the male residents,the leg type is from the sub-short-leg type into the mid-leg type,the chest type being from the narrow thoracic to mid-thoracic type and the whole body being from the slender to the middle type. For the female residents,the leg type is from the short-leg type to the mid-leg type,the torso length being from long to middle,the shoulder type being from the middle type to a narrow type,the thoracic type being from the narrow-breasted to the middle breast type,and the whole body being from the slender type to the middle type. A comparison of the somatotype of urban residents between 20 to 24 year-old in 1979 and 54 to 58 year-old is also conducted. The leg-type of male subjects is from sub-short-leg to medium-length legs,the pelvic classification being from the narrow pelvis to the medium-length pelvis,the chest type being from narrow chest type to a wide-breast type,and the overall body change being from the slender to intermediate type;the leg type of female subjects is from the short-leg type to the mid-leg type,the chest type being from narrow to wide chest type,the torso length being from long to middle,and the whole body being from the slender type to the squat type. Conclusion: In the past 34 years,the body types of urban Han residents have changed greatly. The differences of body types between 20-24 years old in 1979 and 20-24 years old in 2013 are mainly due to the improvement of living standard,lifestyle changes and the change of physical activity level. And the differences of body types between 20-24 years old in 1979 and 54-58 years old in 2013 are caused by the natural growth of human life by the aging effect and the above reasons,and the aging with cohort interaction effect.