Objective:To investigate the nosocomial infection prevalence rates and the risk factors of nosocomial infection, and to provide the scientific basis for the control of nosocomial infection. Methods:A survey was performed through medical record checking and bedside visiting in July 10,2013 in Fuyang Second People′s Hospital. Results:A total of 1 030 cases were enrolled,1 026 cases were received in the survey,and the actual investigation rate was 99. 61%. Twenty-two cases were subjected to nosocomial infection,the nosocomial infection rate was 2. 14%. The two major infection positions were surgical site infection(31. 82%) and lower respiratory tract infection(22. 73%). Infectious ICU was the department which had the highest prevalence rate(28. 57%). The total application rate of antibiotics was 44. 64%. Fourteen strains of bacteria were isolated,and gram-negative bacilli were the major pathogens. The main blood borne diseases were HBV(16. 61%),HIV(2. 98%) and HCV(4. 13%). Conclusions:There were high prevalence of blood borne diseases among patients in the infectious disease hospital. So the protection of medical personnel occupation should be strengthen. Infectious ICU has the highest prevalence rate of nosocomial infection,surgical site and the lower respiratory tract were the key positions of nosocomial infection. We should pay attention to the key departments and key infection site management.%目的：：掌握医院感染的实际情况和感染危险因素,评价日常监测资料的准确性,为医院感染防控提供依据。方法：对安徽省阜阳市第二人民医院2013年7月10日住院患者进行医院感染现患率调查。结果：调查住院患者1030例,实查1026例,实查率为99.61%。医院感染22例,22例次；感染率和例次感染率均为2.14%；感染部位以手术部位感染(31.82%)和下呼吸道感染(22.73%)为主；医院感染高发科室为感染科ICU(28.57%)；抗菌药物总体使用率为44.64%。感染病例分离出细菌14株,以革兰阴性菌为主。主要经血传播疾病HBV检测阳性结果为16.61%,HIV检测阳性结果为2.98%,HCV检测阳性结果为4.13%。结论：传染病专科医院住院患者中,血源性传播疾病患病率较高,应加强医务人员职业防护；感染科ICU为医院感染高发科室,手术部位和下呼吸道为医院感染重点部位,工作中应关注重点科室和重点感染部位的管理。
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