社会工作视野下失独家庭问题研究现状与前瞻

摘要

The theory research on “the lost only child family” focused on the perspective of problems at first and it could really help us to have a better understanding of this issue. But the research on the perspective of problems ignored the abilities and resources owned by the family members of“the lost only child family”, the perspective of strengths was a supplement. The practical intervention research explored the conditions of the family members of“the lost only child family” and the practical intervention methods by the relevant professional practices. This type of research shifted the research paradigm on “the lost only child family” from “perspective of theory” to “perspective of practical intervention”, while it was still at primary stage as a whole. The social policy research discussed the deficiencies of the existing policies and offered some relevant suggestions from two categories of social security and social assistance. While the orientation of“the lost only child family” social policy is not clear and the research on specific policies is not sufficient. As a summary, we can promote the development of the research on “the lost only child family” by increasing the number of practical intervention research and research classification as well as making an intensive study of the micro psychological problems of the family members, clearing the orientation of “the lost only child family” social policy and increasing the number of research on specific policies.%失独家庭理论的研究最初以问题视角为主，对全面认识和了解失独家庭相关问题具有启示意义，但问题视角对失独家庭成员的潜能和资源的挖掘缺乏关注，而优势视角对失独家庭的问题研究则是一个弥补。在实务研究中，研究者通过实际的干预，探索相关实务介入方法，实现了失独家庭问题研究从“理论”向“实务”的范式转换，但就整体而言实务研究仍处于初级阶段。在失独家庭的社会政策研究中，研究者从社会保障和社会救助2个范畴探讨了现有政策的不足并提出了完善的建议，但是失独家庭的社会政策定位尚不明确，并且相关具体政策的研究相对缺乏。因此，失独家庭的研究可以通过增加行动研究的数量、深化相关实务研究、加强失独家庭的分类研究、明确失独家庭社会政策定位和细化相关社会政策的研究等方面来拓展失独家庭问题的研究。