山岳型景区客运索道支架对景区植物的干扰

摘要

以福州鼓山、泉州仙公山和深圳大侠谷索道支架为例,筛选对索道建设中各种胁迫具有普遍抗性的植物,通过样地调查和土壤取样,研究植物物种及其干扰因素,分析植物群落指标特征及土壤重金属污染程度对植物影响的关联性.结果表明:索道支架处干扰样地植物群落结构改变,物种多样性及密度降低,相关性小;干扰样地物种差异显著,乔木受干扰程度最大,灌木密度较高,草本植物的物种数量、密度与重要值均最大.索道支架建设和油漆施工,致使土壤受到重金属铬(Cr)、镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)污染,其中Cr存在轻度污染,Cd,Pb达到强污染,且索道运行时间越长,土壤重金属综合污染指数越大.干扰样地、对比样地中乔木、灌木和草本植物的物种相似度均随着Cr,Cd,Pb污染指数的增加而减小.分析确定:在我国南方亚热带常绿阔叶林景区,盐肤木(Rhus chinensis Mill.)、构树(Broussonetia papyrifera(Linn)L'Hér.ex Vent)、地菍(Melastoma dodecandrum Lour.)与山菅(Dianella ensifolia(L.)DC.)为客运索道支架处的优势物种.%This paper took passenger ropeways of Gushan in Fuzhou,Xiangongshan in Quanzhou and Daxiagu in Shenzhen as examples,plot survey was conducted to investigate the effect of plants and interference factors by analyzing the index characteristics of plant species,abundance,frequency,important value index and similarities. Experiment of soil samples in Gushan plots were also carried out in lab to analyze the correlation between the degree of heavy metal pollution in soil and the effect of plants. Plant community structure changed with species diversity and density decreasing in disturbed plots of passenger ropeway. Degree of interference of tree species was the maximum, followed by shrubs, herbaceous plants. Composition of plant species at passenger ropeway bracket was simple and herbaceous layer was dominant. Herb plants grew exuberantly in all plots with the biggest number of species,maximum density and important value index. Ropeway construction and paint covering as well as falling on the ground caused soil heavy metals Cr, Cd, Pb pollution;Cr exited light pollution;Cd and Pb reached to heavy pollution;the longer running time of passenger ropeway, the greater the soil heavy metal comprehensive pollution index. Similarity index of trees, shrub and herb species in both of disturbed and compared plots decreases as the pollution index of Cr,Cd and Pb increases. Rhus chinensis Mill. ,Broussonetia papyrifera (Linn. ) L' Hér. ex Vent,Melastoma dodecandrum Lour. and Dianella ensifolia (L. ) DC. are the common dominant species in the bracket areas of passenger ropeway in scenic spots of southern subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest.